● MODULE — LIABILITY & DISPUTE RESOLUTION

When something goes wrong, you get a resolution — not a lawsuit.

A late delivery, an off-spec batch, a customs rejection: bilateral deals turn these into multi-month legal disputes. Michael compresses the same disagreements into a graduated resolution process. The contract carries that process from day one.

See the tier cascade

The Difference

What a dispute used to cost you

Bilateral dispute (status quo)
Months

Formal arbitration takes a median of ~25 months to final award (ICC Dispute Resolution Statistics, 2023). That friction is real enough that many high-value swaps do not happen.

Michael's embedded resolution
Days

A design target for the large majority of cases. The contract carries the process. Nobody negotiates it after the fact.

How It Works

A three-tier dispute cascade

Every dispute starts at the fastest, cheapest tier and only escalates if the disagreement genuinely needs more scrutiny. Tier timelines are process design targets.

TIER 1

Algorithmic resolution — days, not months

Handles structured disputes like delivery delay, volume shortfall, and payment delay by pulling data directly from logistics records, VerifyHub, and escrow state. Target: the large majority auto-resolved without human involvement.

TIER 2

Expert determination

Handles quality defects and specification interpretation disputes. The platform selects a credentialed sector-specific expert with anti-repeat weighting and conflict-of-interest screening. The expert reviews the evidence and issues a determination.

TIER 3

Binding arbitration

Reserved for complex or high-value cases. It runs under recognised commercial arbitration rules: ICC, LCIA, GAFTA or FOSFA. It has the same enforceability as a bilateral contract, without the multi-year timeline.

Within-band misses never become disputes. A deal can declare variance bands for quantity, quality and delivery date. A measured miss inside the band re-prices by formula at filing. There is no frozen escrow and no dispute penalty.

Built In, Not Bolted On

What's underneath the resolution process

Condition-gated escrow

Release needs every elected condition to pass: survey, CoA, documents. The platform mediates only when a party contests one.

SHA-256

Hash-anchored evidence and audit events on every state transition

Insurance lift gate

Where cover is mandatory, goods lift only with bound insurance or explicit both-sides risk sign-off

English law, London

Standardised governing law on every contract — negotiation time goes to economics, not choice of law

Related

See how liability connects to the rest of the platform

Trade with a dispute process you never have to negotiate.

Request a walkthrough and see the dispute ladder on a staged swap.